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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Published on: June 27, 2014
Voltage Imaging with Engineered Proton-Pumping Rhodopsins: Insights from the Proton Transfer Pathway
Xin Meng1, Srividya Ganapathy1,2, Lars van Roemburg1
1Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) has taken the field of neuroscience by storm in the past decade. Its ability to create subcellular and network level readouts of electrical dynamics depends critically on the kinetics of the response to voltage of the indicator used. Engineered microbial rhodopsins form a GEVI subclass known for their high voltage sensitivity and fast response kinetics. Here we review the essential aspects of microbial rhodopsin photocycles that are critical to understanding the mechanisms of voltage sensitivity in these proteins and link them to insights from efforts to create faster, brighter and more sensitive microbial rhodopsin-based GEVIs.
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