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Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Profile of Clinical Staphylococcus aureus: A Multi-Center Study from

Rajiha A Ibrahim1,2,3, Nega Berhe1, Zelalem Mekuria3,4

  • 1Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Infection and Drug Resistance
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Ethiopian Staphylococcus aureus strains show high resistance to common antibiotics. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were prevalent, particularly in younger patients.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen causing diverse infections.
  • Virulence factors like toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) contribute to S. aureus pathogenicity.
  • Understanding antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene prevalence in Ethiopia is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus isolates in Ethiopia.
  • To identify the prevalence of key virulence genes, including staphylococcal enterotoxins and PVL, in these isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 172 confirmed S. aureus isolates from Ethiopian AMR Surveillance sites.
  • Identification using MALDI-TOF Biotyper and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with VITEK® 2.
  • Multiplex PCR to detect mecA, mecC, pvl, spa, and staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, seh, sej).

Main Results:

  • High rates of resistance observed: 88.4% to penicillin, 52.32% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 26.16% to tetracycline.
  • Prevalence of virulence genes: PVL (59.3%), seb (16.28%), TSST-1 (13.37%).
  • Significant association found between staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and resistance to multiple antibiotics; PVL gene prevalence was higher in patients under 15.

Conclusions:

  • S. aureus isolates in Ethiopia exhibit substantial resistance to oral antibiotics.
  • The prevalence of PVL, seb, sea, and TSST-1 genes highlights their importance in local S. aureus infections.
  • Further research and surveillance are needed to combat S. aureus infections and resistance.
Keywords:
EthiopiaMRSAPVLPanton-Valentine leucocidinenterotoxin genes

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