DPHL v.2: An updated and comprehensive DIA pan-human assay library for quantifying more than 14,000 proteins

A comprehensive pan-human spectral library is critical for biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. DPHL v.1, a previous pan-human library built from 1,096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS data of 16 human tissue types, allows quantifying of 10,943 proteins. Here, we generated DPHL v.2 from 1,608 DDA-MS data. The data included 586 DDA-MS data acquired from 18 tissue types, while 1,022 files were derived from DPHL v.1. DPHL v.2 thus comprises data from 24 sample types, including several cancer types (lung, breast, kidney, and prostate cancer, among others). We generated four variants of DPHL v.2 to include semi-tryptic peptides and protein isoforms. DPHL v.2 was then applied to two colorectal cancer cohorts. The numbers of identified and significantly dysregulated proteins increased by at least 21.7% and 14.2%, respectively, compared with DPHL v.1. Our findings show that the increased human proteome coverage of DPHL v.2 provides larger pools of potential protein biomarkers.