Ginger: a representative material of herb-derived exosome-like nanoparticles

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanomedicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) present advantages like high yield and cost-effectiveness compared to mammalian nanoparticles.
• Herbs are rich sources of bioactive compounds, making them ideal for isolating exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs).
• Current research often overlooks the distinct pharmacological properties of herb-derived ELNs, commonly grouping them under PELNs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and define herb-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (HELNs) as a distinct category with potentially superior pharmacological activity.
• To use ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) as a case study to illustrate HELN extraction, purification, characterization, and therapeutic applications.
• To advocate for the advancement and utilization of HELNs in research and development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the isolation, characterization, and therapeutic potential of HELNs.
• Detailed examination of ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) as a representative example.
• Analysis of extraction and purification techniques for HELNs.

Main Results:

• HELNs possess unique pharmacological properties distinct from other PELNs.
• GELNs are the most studied type of HELN, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential.
• Established methods for extraction, purification, and characterization of GELNs provide a blueprint for other HELNs.

Conclusions:

• HELNs represent a promising class of natural nanoparticles with significant therapeutic potential.
• Further research into various HELNs is encouraged to fully explore their properties beyond GELNs.
• Promoting HELN development can overcome limitations associated with mammalian nanoparticles in various applications.