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Related Experiment Videos

Racial differences in serum creatine kinase levels.

H R Black, H Quallich, C B Gareleck

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Healthy Black individuals exhibit higher total creatine kinase (CK) levels than other races. This study suggests race-specific normal ranges for CK are necessary for accurate clinical interpretation.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Total creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in various tissues, primarily muscle.
    • Elevated CK levels can indicate muscle damage or certain medical conditions.
    • Current reference ranges for CK may not account for demographic variations like race.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate racial differences in total creatine kinase (CK) levels among asymptomatic healthy adults.
    • To determine if race and sex are independent predictors of CK levels.
    • To assess the clinical implications of using standard CK reference ranges across different racial groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples from 307 healthy asymptomatic subjects (147 Black, 132 White, 28 Hispanic) were analyzed for total creatine kinase.

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  • Subjects were screened to exclude recent vigorous exercise.
  • Statistical analysis, including multivariate regression, was used to identify predictors of CK levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Black men and women had significantly higher mean total CK levels compared to White and Hispanic individuals.
    • A majority of Black participants (64.9% of men, 54.4% of women) had CK levels above the standard laboratory reference range.
    • Multivariate analysis confirmed that sex and race were the only independent predictors of total CK levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthy Black individuals demonstrate higher total creatine kinase levels than White or Hispanic individuals.
    • Existing standard reference ranges for total CK may lead to misinterpretation in Black populations.
    • The study recommends considering race-specific reference ranges for total creatine kinase to improve diagnostic accuracy.