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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Anomalous Extensor Digiti Minimi with Multiple Slips and Bulbous Appearance.

Mario Giacobazzi1, Neil Singh2

  • 1Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA.

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A rare anatomical variation of the extensor digiti minimi muscle, presenting as a bulbous, multi-slip form, caused recurrent snapping and pain in a patient. This case highlights a treatable cause of dorsal wrist pain due to extensor retinaculum inflammation.

Keywords:
AnomalousBulbousExtensor digiti minimiMultislipsTenosynovitis

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Musculoskeletal System

Background:

  • Variations in extensor tendons of the hand are common but can cause wrist pain.
  • Anomalies of extensor indicis proprius, extensor digitorum brevis manus, and extensor medii proprius are documented.
  • A bulbous, multi-slip extensor digiti minimi anomaly is rarely described in orthopedic literature.

Observation:

  • A 30-year-old woman presented with recurrent snapping, pain, and an audible click in her right fifth digit.
  • The patient had no history of hand trauma.

Findings:

  • The study describes a rare anatomical variation: a bulbous, multi-slip extensor digiti minimi.
  • This anomaly led to symptomatic inflammation of the extensor retinaculum.

Implications:

  • Provides a detailed anatomical description of a rare extensor digiti minimi anomaly.
  • Offers a successful treatment strategy for inflamed, symptomatic extensor retinaculum.
  • Contributes to understanding the causes of dorsal wrist pain and digital movement impairment.