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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Electrolysis

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to

Yueyu Tong^1,2, Liqun Wang³, Feng Hou¹

¹Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Electrochemical Energy Reviews

|July 31, 2023

Summary

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer a sustainable alternative for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production. This review details SAC design strategies for efficient electrocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis via the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

Keywords:

Electrocatalytic H2O2 production Oxygen reduction reaction Single-atom catalyst design Two-electron process

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Current industrial hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production relies on the energy-intensive anthraquinone process.
Electrocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis via the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) presents a sustainable alternative.
The development of efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalysts is crucial for practical H₂O₂ production.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current trends in designing single-atom catalysts (SACs) for H₂O₂ production.
To explore strategies for optimizing SACs' electronic and geometric structures for enhanced electrocatalytic performance.
To highlight challenges and opportunities in developing advanced SACs for electrochemical energy conversion.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on single-atom catalyst design for the 2e^- ORR.
Analysis of the relationship between SAC electronic/geometric structures and catalytic activity.
Summary of factors influencing SAC performance in H₂O₂ synthesis.

Main Results:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit unique properties suitable for H₂O₂ synthesis.
Strategies for tuning isolated metal sites and coordination environments are key to performance.
Understanding structure-performance correlations is vital for rational catalyst design.

Conclusions:

SACs are promising for efficient and selective electrocatalytic H₂O₂ production.
Rational design based on electronic structure and coordination environment is essential.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges and unlock the full potential of SACs in electrochemical applications.