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Cord blood triglyceride and total cholesterol in preterm and term neonates: reference values and associated factors
Hayato Go1, Koichi Hashimoto2,3, Hajime Maeda2
1Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. go-h@fmu.ac.jp.
Insights
This study established reference levels for cord blood lipids in Japanese newborns, finding that total cholesterol and triglyceride levels vary with gestational age and birth weight. Maternal factors also influenced these crucial perinatal lipid measurements.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Health
- Perinatal Medicine
- Lipid Metabolism
Background:
- Establishing reference ranges for cord blood lipids is essential for assessing neonatal health.
- Previous studies have not ascertained these specific reference levels for Japanese neonates.
- Understanding perinatal factors influencing cord blood lipids is critical for early health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate associations between cord serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and perinatal factors in Japanese neonates.
- To determine reference levels for cord blood TC and TG in this population.
- To identify maternal and neonatal factors affecting cord blood lipid profiles.
Main Methods:
- Prospective birth cohort study utilizing data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011-2014).
- Analysis of cord blood samples from 70,535 neonate-mother pairs.
- Multiple regression analyses to assess associations between lipid levels and perinatal factors.
Main Results:
- Mean cord blood TC was 72.2 mg/dL and TG was 24.4 mg/dL.
- Gestational age and birth weight significantly correlated with cord blood TC and TG levels.
- Lipid levels decreased in preterm infants but increased in term infants; levels also decreased with increasing birth weight.
Conclusions:
- Mean cord blood TG and TC levels exhibit distinct patterns related to gestational age and birth weight in Japanese newborns.
- Maternal parity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), maternal obesity, and income level were associated with cord blood lipid levels.
- This study provides crucial reference data for Japanese neonates, highlighting the influence of perinatal factors on lipid profiles.
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the associations between cord serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG)levels and perinatal factors and determine the reference levels of cord blood TC and TG in Japanese neonates. This was a prospective birth cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which included data on births from 2011 to 2014 in Japan. TC and TG levels were determined in cord blood samples. A total of 70,535 pairs of neonates (male: 36,001, female: 34,524) and mothers were included. The mean cord blood TC and TG levels were 72.2 mg/dL and 24.4 mg/dL, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with cord blood TC (coefficient -2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.40 - -2.22 and coefficient 0.002, 95% CI 0.002-0.003, respectively) and TG (coefficient 3.09, 95% CI 3.01-3.17 and coefficient - 0.009, 95% CI - 0.009-0.008, respectively) levels. Mean cord blood TG and TC levels decreased over the preterm period; however, these parameters increased during the term. Furthermore, the mean cord blood TC and TG levels decreased over the entire range of birth weight categories. Conclusion: Mean cord blood TG and TC levels decreased over the preterm period; however, these parameters increased during the term. Furthermore, the mean cord blood TC and TG levels decreased over the entire range of birth weight categories in Japanese newborns. Maternal complications such as maternal parity, HDP, PROM, maternal obesity and income level were associated with cord TC and TG levels. What is Known: • No studies have ascertained the reference levels of cord blood lipid levels in Japan. What is New: • Mean cord blood TG and TC levels decreased over the preterm period; however, these parameters increased during the term.
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