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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination01:24

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The pharmacokinetic journey of oral drugs begins with a crucial first pass through the hepatic portal system, called the first-pass effect. This first pass significantly impacts bioavailability — the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. The primary route sees the drug absorbed by intestinal membranes and then shunted to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Here, pre-systemic elimination occurs as drugs face metabolism or biliary...
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Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for an Oral Bioenhanced Quercetin Formulation.

Esha S Attar1, Vanashree H Chaudhari1, Chaitanya G Deokar1

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Nanoformulations significantly improve quercetin bioavailability for enhanced therapeutic effects. Quercetin phytosomes show particular promise for anticancer applications and clinical benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Natural Products

Background:

  • Quercetin, a flavonoid, possesses broad therapeutic potential but suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to low solubility and rapid metabolism.
  • Various nanodelivery systems have been explored to overcome these limitations and enhance quercetin's efficacy.
  • Quercetin phytosomes have emerged as a promising and commercially available nanosystem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic applications of quercetin, with a focus on its anticancer potential.
  • To explore the clinical benefits of nanoquercetin formulations.
  • To highlight the advantages of quercetin phytosomes as a delivery system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on quercetin and its nanodelivery systems.
  • Analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies involving various quercetin nanosystems.
  • Focus on quercetin phytosomes and their market availability.

Main Results:

  • Numerous quercetin-loaded nanosystems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, have been investigated.
  • Quercetin phytosomes demonstrate increased interest and market presence.
  • Nanoquercetin formulations show potential for improved bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes, particularly in anticancer applications.

Conclusions:

  • Nanodelivery systems are crucial for enhancing quercetin's oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Quercetin phytosomes represent a significant advancement in quercetin delivery and are gaining traction.
  • Further research into nanoquercetin formulations, especially for anticancer therapies, is warranted.