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Access to Athletic Trainers and Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries
Rebecca M Hirschhorn1, Robert A Huggins2, Zachary Y Kerr3
1School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
Journal of Athletic Training
|July 31, 2023
Summary
Increased access to athletic trainers (ATs) in secondary schools correlated with higher emergency medical services (EMS) use for student sport injuries. This suggests better emergency recognition and triage when ATs are available.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Athletic trainers (ATs) in secondary schools improve emergency preparedness.
- The impact of varying AT access on emergency medical services (EMS) utilization for sport injuries is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the incidence of EMS activations for sport-related injuries across zip codes with different levels of athletic training service access.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive epidemiology study utilizing data from the National EMS Information System and the Athletic Training Location and Services Project.
- Analyzed zip codes with 911 EMS activations for sport-related injuries in individuals aged 13-18.
- Examined EMS activation incidence relative to athletic training service levels (NONE, PARTIAL, FULL) and employment models (IC, MUF, SD, MIX).
Main Results:
- Zip codes with FULL or PARTIAL athletic training services showed significantly higher EMS activation rates compared to those with NO ATs.
- The medical or university facility (MUF) employment model had a lower incidence of EMS activations compared to the school district (SD) model.
- Independent contractor (IC) and mixed (MIX) employment models did not significantly differ from the SD model in EMS activation rates.
Conclusions:
- Greater availability of athletic training services in secondary school areas is linked to increased EMS use for student sport injuries, potentially indicating enhanced emergency identification and triage.
- Variations in EMS utilization across different AT employment models may stem from differing emergency response policies and protocols.
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