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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

Extraction: Effects of pH

Extraction: Effects of pH

Consider a neutral form of an amine, B, with a partition coefficient, K, in a liquid mixture containing organic and aqueous phases. The pH of the aqueous phase affects the charge on acidic and basic solutes, and the charged form is usually more soluble in the aqueous phase. Suppose the conjugate acid form of the amine is soluble only in the aqueous phase while the base form is soluble in both phases. Then the distribution coefficient, D, can be given as the ratio of amine concentration in the...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

Aqueous two-phase system based on pH-responsive polymeric deep eutectic solvent for efficient extraction of aromatic

Changyong Cai¹, Shaoping Ma¹, Fenfang Li²

¹Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.

|July 31, 2023

Summary

A novel pH-responsive polymeric deep eutectic solvent (PDES) forms an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for efficient extraction of aromatic amino acids (AAAs). This recyclable system offers a sustainable method for bioactive compound separation.

Keywords:

Aqueous two-phase systems Aromatic amino acids Polymeric deep eutectic solvents pH-responsive characteristic

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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

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Published on: November 22, 2024

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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Separation Science
Materials Science

Background:

Stimulus-responsive aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are increasingly important for bioactive compound extraction.
Developing novel responsive materials is key to enhancing ATPS efficiency and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and characterize a novel ATPS based on a pH-responsive polymeric deep eutectic solvent (PDES) and phosphate salt.
To investigate the phase formation mechanism and pH-response properties of the PDES.
To evaluate the efficiency of the PDES-based ATPS for extracting aromatic amino acids (AAAs).

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of the pH-responsive polymeric deep eutectic solvent (PDES).
Construction and optimization of the PDES-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
Experimental and simulation studies on phase formation and pH-response mechanisms.
Extraction efficiency determination for tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.

Main Results:

A novel PDES-based ATPS was successfully constructed for the first time.
High extraction efficiencies were achieved for aromatic amino acids: tyrosine (95.25%), phenylalanine (99.05%), and tryptophan (99.10%).
The PDES demonstrated effective pH-responsiveness, enabling system recyclability.

Conclusions:

The developed PDES-based ATPS is a highly efficient and recyclable system for extracting aromatic amino acids.
This approach offers a versatile and sustainable platform for the separation of various bioactive compounds.