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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
Published on: August 25, 2018
Metals quantification in e-cigarettes liquids by Total Reflection X-ray Spectrometry
Gabriel Minto Faria1, Tiago Dutra Galvão2, Paulo Sergio Parreira1
1Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Abstract:
Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) have gained popularity around the world and its health risks demands more research. This study aims at characterizing e-cig liquids (e-liquids) and its constituents by Total Reflection X-ray Spectrometry (TXRF). The internal standard method was the quantification procedure employed. The spectrometer's performance was evaluated with one certified reference material and spiked samples. It was possible to quantify K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, and Pb in the e-liquids. Concentrations above the limit for potable water were found in 10 out of 38 samples. Principal component analysis was useful for identifying toxic samples. TXRF is a promising technique for e-liquids evaluation due to its simplicity and performance.
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