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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Olfactory function in Susac syndrome.

Yoav Piura1, Arnon Karni2, Hadar Kolb2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel; Neuroimmunology Clinic, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction is not a characteristic of Susac syndrome (SS). This study found that recovering SS patients exhibit normal olfactory function, suggesting it

Keywords:
OlfactionOlfactory dysfunctionSniffin' sticksSusac syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Susac syndrome (SS) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting the brain, retina, and inner ear.
  • Olfactory dysfunction can be an early sign in various central nervous system disorders.
  • The role of olfactory sense involvement in Susac syndrome remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate olfactory function in patients with Susac syndrome.
  • To determine if olfactory assessment can serve as a reliable biomarker for Susac syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Sniffin' Sticks test to evaluate olfactory threshold and identification.
  • Assessed ten patients in recovery from Susac syndrome, with a median of 3.1 years post-onset.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory threshold and odor identification were within normal ranges for recovering Susac syndrome patients.
  • No significant differences were observed when compared to standard norms for odor identification and threshold.

Conclusions:

  • The study does not support the presence of olfactory dysfunction in Susac syndrome.
  • Olfactory assessment is unlikely to be a reliable biomarker for diagnosing or monitoring Susac syndrome.