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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

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Engineering a CEACAM1 Variant with the Increased Binding Affinity to TIM-3 Receptor

Zahra Hajihassan¹, Mehran Mohammadpour Saray¹, Aysan Yaseri¹

¹Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian Biomedical Journal

|August 1, 2023

Summary

Researchers engineered a variant of CEACAM1 (variant 39) to block T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3). This variant exhibits significantly higher binding affinity to TIM-3, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for immune-related diseases.

Keywords:

Binding affinity Mutagenesis TIM-3 protein

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is an inhibitory receptor on immune cells.
TIM-3 binding to its ligand, CEACAM1, induces T-cell exhaustion, impairing immune responses.
Blocking TIM-3 is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancers and other diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and produce a protein with high binding affinity to TIM-3.
To develop a therapeutic agent capable of blocking TIM-3 mediated inhibition.

Main Methods:

Engineered the extracellular domain of CEACAM1 to create variants with enhanced TIM-3 binding affinity.
Utilized R script for protein mutation and FoldX for binding energy calculations.
Recombinantly produced the optimized CEACAM1 variant (variant 39) in E. coli and analyzed its secondary structure via CD spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Variant 39 demonstrated a significant increase in binding affinity to TIM-3, with binding free energy decreasing from -5.63 to -14.49 kcal/mol.
Structural analysis confirmed that the mutations in variant 39 did not substantially alter the protein's secondary structure.
The engineered variant showed a markedly higher affinity for TIM-3 compared to the wild-type CEACAM1.

Conclusions:

Engineered CEACAM1 variant 39 exhibits superior binding affinity to TIM-3.
Variant 39 represents a promising therapeutic candidate for blocking TIM-3 activity.
This approach holds potential for treating conditions associated with T-cell exhaustion.