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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Detection of Disease-associated α-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated α-synuclein

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Aggregation and beyond: alpha-synuclein-based biomarkers in synucleinopathies.

Avika Chopra¹, Tiago Fleming Outeiro^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology

|August 1, 2023

Summary

Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies are diagnosed late. New biomarker research using alpha-synuclein in extracellular vesicles shows promise for early detection and monitoring disease progression.

Keywords:

Parkinson’s disease alpha-synuclein biomarkers neurodegeneration synucleinopathy

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Detection of Disease-associated α-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated α-synuclein

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Sequential Extraction of Soluble and Insoluble Alpha-Synuclein from Parkinsonian Brains

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Targeting Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Free-floating Immunofluorescence Assay

Targeting Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Free-floating Immunofluorescence Assay

Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomarker Discovery
Protein Aggregation

Background:

Parkinson's disease involves dopaminergic neuron loss and alpha-synuclein aggregates (Lewy bodies/neurites).
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are currently diagnosed clinically, often at advanced stages.
The precise role of alpha-synuclein aggregates in disease causation is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore alpha-synuclein aggregation and its species in extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for synucleinopathies.
To highlight the potential of these biomarkers for revolutionizing diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

Main Methods:

Analysis of peptide, protein, and RNA levels in blood samples from Parkinson's disease patients.
Application of seed amplification assays in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, skin biopsies, and olfactory swabs.
Investigation of cargo differences in small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) between Parkinson's disease patients and controls.

Main Results:

Significant differences in molecular profiles (peptide, protein, RNA) detected in blood samples of Parkinson's disease patients.
Seed amplification assays demonstrate potential for detecting and differentiating synucleinopathies.
Extracellular vesicles show distinct cargo profiles in Parkinson's disease, suggesting their utility as diagnostic indicators.

Conclusions:

Alpha-synuclein species within extracellular vesicles represent a promising avenue for biomarker development in synucleinopathies.
These biomarkers could enable earlier diagnosis and more effective monitoring of Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
Further research into extracellular vesicle-derived alpha-synuclein holds potential for transforming synucleinopathy management.