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Severe Acute Bacterial Infections in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Togo

Adama Dodji Gbadoé1,2,3, Koffi Mawuse Guédénon1,3, Magnoulelen N'zonou2

  • 1Hemato-oncology Unit of the Pediatrics Department.

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|August 1, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Severe bacterial infections in children with sickle cell disease show a shift in causative germs. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus are increasingly prevalent, while Salmonella has declined.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections pose significant risks for children with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • These infections are a leading cause of illness and death in pediatric SCD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the distribution of severe acute bacterial infections and their causative agents in children with SCD.
  • This assessment was conducted one year after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed.
  • Data included children aged 0–15 years admitted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019.
  • Records were examined from four sickle cell monitoring units in Lomé.

Main Results:

  • Pleuropulmonary infections were most common (46.1%), followed by urinary tract (32.8%) and osteoarticular infections (9.3%).
  • Gram-negative organisms, particularly Escherichia coli (31.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%), predominated, often causing urinary tract and osteoarticular infections.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen in pleuropulmonary infections (40%), osteoarticular infections (47.3%), and sepsis (28.6%).

Conclusions:

  • While common infections persist in pediatric SCD patients, a notable shift in the microbial landscape is occurring.
  • There is a decrease in Salmonella infections and a concurrent rise in infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Abstract

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