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Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Hydroxamate-directed access to β-Kdo glycosides.

Sourav Pramanik1, Soumik Mondal1, Alexander Chinarev2

  • 1Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow 226014, India.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method for synthesizing beta-Kdo glycosides using novel Kdo-glycosyl donors. This approach offers a highly effective route to stereoselectively produce these important carbohydrate structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Glycosylation

Background:

  • Transient aziridinone and azaoxyallyl cations are key intermediates in organic synthesis.
  • Hydroxamates offer unique reactivity compared to traditional amides in certain reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the reaction repertoire of α-halohydroxamates for glycosyl donor design.
  • To achieve stereoselective synthesis of β-Kdo glycosides.
  • To elucidate the role of the hydroxamate moiety in glycosylation reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Designing novel Kdo-glycosyl donors by installing a hydroxamate moiety at the anomeric center.
  • Utilizing the reactivity of α-halohydroxamates for generating reactive intermediates.
  • Performing control experiments to compare hydroxamate and amide functionalities.

Main Results:

  • The newly designed Kdo-glycosyl donors proved highly effective for glycosylation.
  • Stereoselective access to β-Kdo glycosides was achieved.
  • Control experiments highlighted the crucial role of the hydroxamate group over the amide group.

Conclusions:

  • The installation of a hydroxamate moiety at the anomeric center of Kdo derivatives is a viable strategy for creating effective glycosyl donors.
  • This method provides a stereoselective route to β-Kdo glycosides.
  • Hydroxamates are superior to amides in this specific glycosylation context.