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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues
08:40

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Genome-Scale Methylation Analysis Identifies Immune Profiles and Age Acceleration Associations with Bladder Cancer

Ji-Qing Chen1, Lucas A Salas1, John K Wiencke2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|August 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Detailed immune cell profiles and biological age acceleration are linked to bladder cancer survival. Higher CD8T memory cells improved survival, while neutrophils and age acceleration worsened it, offering new prognostic biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Immune profiles influence bladder cancer prognosis.
  • Detailed immune cell subtypes and their prognostic value in bladder cancer require further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between detailed immune cell subtypes, age acceleration, and bladder cancer patient outcomes.
  • To identify potential prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer recurrence and survival.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood DNA methylation was analyzed using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array.
  • Cell-type deconvolution quantified 12 immune cell proportions; DNA methylation clocks assessed biological age.
  • Cox models and machine learning algorithms (partDSA, SS-RPMM) analyzed associations with survival.

Main Results:

  • Higher CD8T memory cell proportions correlated with better overall survival.
  • Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, CD8T naïve cells, neutrophils, and age acceleration were linked to worse overall survival.
  • Machine learning models identified distinct patient groups with significant survival differences.

Conclusions:

  • Specific methylation-derived immune cell proportions and age acceleration are associated with bladder cancer outcomes.
  • These factors demonstrate potential as prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer.