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Transcranial random noise stimulation combined with cognitive training for treating ADHD: a randomized,
Ornella Dakwar-Kawar1, Noam Mairon1, Shachar Hochman2
1School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Translational Psychiatry
|August 1, 2023
Summary
High-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) combined with cognitive training (CT) significantly improved Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children. These clinical improvements and effects on brain activity were sustained at follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatric Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with persistent symptomology and cognitive deficits.
- Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are being explored as potential therapeutic interventions for ADHD.
- High-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a novel stimulation method with potential applications in neurological disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of tRNS combined with cognitive training (CT) in improving ADHD symptoms and neural oscillations in children.
- To evaluate the lasting effects of tRNS + CT on ADHD symptomology and brain activity.
- To assess the impact of tRNS + CT on sleep patterns and executive functions in pediatric ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted with 23 unmedicated children diagnosed with ADHD.
- Participants received either tRNS or sham stimulation over specific prefrontal cortex regions for 2 weeks, alongside CT.
- Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and parent-reported ADHD rating scales were used for assessments.
Main Results:
- tRNS + CT significantly reduced parent-reported ADHD symptoms compared to the sham group, with sustained improvements at follow-up.
- A reduction in periodic beta bandwidth and a lower aperiodic exponent in resting-state EEG were observed in the tRNS + CT group.
- The experimental group reported increased sleep onset latency and more frequent wake-up times; no significant changes in executive functions were noted.
Conclusions:
- tRNS + CT demonstrates a lasting clinical benefit for ADHD symptoms in children.
- The intervention effectively modulates neural oscillations, specifically reducing beta activity.
- These findings suggest tRNS + CT as a promising novel intervention for pediatric ADHD, warranting further investigation.
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01:11Blinding
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01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.