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FEEDING PRACTICES AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN A PERI-URBAN SETTING IN IBADAN, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA:
A A Bakare1,2,3, O C Uchendu1,2, O E Omotayo4
1Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria.
Insights
This study highlights that while rural children in Ibadan receive longer breastfeeding, they are less likely to be exclusively breastfed. Nutritional status, including stunting and underweight, is more prevalent in rural settings, indicating a need for targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Child Nutrition
- Public Health
- Urbanization Studies
Background:
- Existing literature indicates disparities in child feeding practices between rural and urban communities.
- Increasing urbanization necessitates a re-evaluation of rural-urban differences in feeding practices for children under five.
- This study focuses on a peri-urban setting in Ibadan to assess these differences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess and compare feeding practices of children under five in peri-urban Ibadan.
- To evaluate the nutritional status of children in rural versus urban settings within the peri-urban area.
- To identify potential disparities in child nutrition influenced by setting.
Main Methods:
- A community-based, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Lagelu LGA, Ibadan.
- Multistage sampling identified 617 caregivers of children under five from rural and urban wards.
- Data collected included caregiver demographics, 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements.
Main Results:
- While most children (99.0%) were breastfed, rural children had longer breastfeeding duration but lower exclusive breastfeeding rates compared to urban counterparts.
- Dietary diversity was similar across settings but higher in males.
- Higher rates of cachexia, underweight, stunting, and overweight were observed in rural children aged 6-59 months.
Conclusions:
- Feeding and nutrition programs require a gender-sensitive approach for equitable outcomes.
- Interventions should address the specific nutritional challenges observed in rural peri-urban settings.
- Addressing disparities in exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status is crucial for child health.
Background:
Existing literature suggests inequalities in nutritional and feeding practices for children in rural communities compared to their urban counterparts. However, with increasing urbanization and changing social norms, re-assessment of rural-urban differences in feeding practices for under-five children is essential. This study therefore aimed to assess the feeding practices and nutritional status of children in a peri-urban setting in Ibadan.
Methods:
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional comparative study in peri-urban LGA (Lagelu) in Ibadan. Participants were 617 caregivers of underfive children identified, from wards typical of rural and urban settings, through a multistage sampling technique. Caregivers' sociodemographic details, 24-hour dietary recall of the child's feeding, and anthropometric measurements were obtained.
Results:
Nearly half of the children were 2 years or older (rural: n=142, 47.2%; urban: n=147, 46.2%). There was significant difference between settings in terms of maternal age and education, father's education, caregiver's occupation and socioeconomic status. In total, 611 children (99.0%) were breastfed. Of those breastfed, 45% and 39% in rural and urban settings respectively were initiated within an hour of delivery. Children in rural setting had longer duration of breast feeding. However, they are less likely to be exclusively breast fed for 6 - months compared with children whose caregivers are urban dwellers. Dietary diversity was similar in both settings but higher among males. (20.3% male, 11.7% female in rural; 17.3% male and 15.5% female in urban). Overall, 108 (22.3%), 107 (21.9%), 152 (30.6%) and 34 (7.0%) of children aged 6-59 months were cachetic, underweight, stunted, and overweight respectively but commoner among children in rural settings.
Conclusion:
Feeding and nutrition programmes need to apply a gender lens if sustained behavioural interventions on child nutrition are to reach equitable outcomes.
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