Nutrient intakes from complementary foods are associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers among undernourished
Gwenyth O Lee1, Laura E Caulfield2, Maribel Paredes-Olortegui3
1Rutgers Global Health Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Insights
Early childhood diet, particularly protein intake, influences cardiometabolic health in undernourished children. Dietary patterns are linked to cholesterol, glucose, and body fat, with body composition mediating insulin levels.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Cardiometabolic Health
- Chronic Undernutrition
Background:
- Limited understanding of diet's impact on cardiometabolic biomarkers in undernourished children.
- High prevalence of chronic undernutrition in Peruvian children aged 3-5 years.
Purpose of the Study:
- Characterize relationships between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic profiles in undernourished Peruvian children.
- Explore the influence of early life nutrition on long-term health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Monthly dietary recalls from 9-24 months and at 3-5 years.
- Assessment of anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles.
- Treelet transform and sparse reduced rank regression (RRR) for nutrient data analysis.
Main Results:
- Dietary factors, linked to protein intake, correlated with total cholesterol and subscapular skinfold-for-age Z-scores (SSFZ).
- Associations between diet and insulin were reduced after adjusting for SSFZ, indicating mediation by body composition.
- 26% of children exhibited stunting at 3-5 years old.
Conclusions:
- Early childhood dietary patterns, influenced by protein intake, are associated with cholesterol profiles, fasting glucose, and body fat in undernourished populations.
- Body composition plays a mediating role in the relationship between diet and insulin levels.
Abstract:
Relatively little is known about how the diet of chronically undernourished children may impact cardiometabolic biomarkers. The objective of this exploratory study was to characterise relationships between dietary patterns and the cardiometabolic profile of 153 3-5-year-old Peruvian children with a high prevalence of chronic undernutrition. We collected monthly dietary recalls from children when they were 9-24 months old. At 3-5 years, additional dietary recalls were collected, and blood pressure, height, weight, subscapular skinfolds and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were assessed. Nutrient intakes were expressed as average density per 100 kcals (i) from 9 to 24 months and (ii) at follow-up. The treelet transform and sparse reduced rank regress'ion (RRR) were used to summarize nutrient intake data. Linear regression models were then used to compare these factors to cardiometabolic outcomes and anthropometry. Linear regression models adjusting for subscapular skinfold-for-age Z-scores (SSFZ) were then used to test whether observed relationships were mediated by body composition. 26 % of children were stunted at 3-5 years old. Both treelet transform and sparse RRR-derived child dietary factors are related to protein intake and associated with total cholesterol and SSFZ. Associations between dietary factors and insulin were attenuated after adjusting for SSFZ, suggesting that body composition mediated these relationships. Dietary factors in early childhood, influenced by protein intake, are associated with cholesterol profiles, fasting glucose and body fat in a chronically undernourished population.
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