Skinfold calipers: which instrument to use?

Area of Science:

• Anthropometry
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• The widespread use of Harpenden®, Lange®, and Slim Guide® skinfold calipers in clinical and research settings is noted.
• Existing variations in caliper types contribute to systematic measurement errors.
• The interchangeable use of different skinfold calipers is recognized as problematic due to their specific physical, mechanical, and functional attributes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically examine the structural configuration of three main types of skinfold calipers.
• To highlight the insufficiency of current commercial specifications for judicious caliper selection.
• To propose a new calibration test and eligibility flowchart for skinfold calipers.

Main Methods:

• Critical examination of the structural configuration of Harpenden®, Lange®, and Slim Guide® skinfold calipers.
• Analysis of physical, mechanical, and functional specificities impacting interchangeability.
• Development of a new downward static calibration test and an eligibility flowchart.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in jaw area, spring coefficient, and downward pressure exist among skinfold caliper types.
• Commercially available technical specifications are inadequate for informed selection.
• The study introduces a novel static calibration test and a decision-making flowchart.

Conclusions:

• Interchangeable use of skinfold calipers is not feasible due to inherent design differences.
• Metrological determination of jaw area, spring coefficient, and pressure is essential for user manuals.
• The proposed calibration test and flowchart can assist manufacturers and health professionals in selecting appropriate anthropometric instruments for accurate nutritional assessment.