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The normal reference values and estimation formulae of renal structural parameters in Chinese children based on
Yong Qin1, En Liu2, Xiaoying Ni1
1Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Insights
This study establishes normal reference values and estimation formulas for renal structural parameters (RSPs) in Chinese children using CT data. These findings aid in assessing kidney development and disease in pediatric populations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Renal Physiology
Background:
- Accurate assessment of kidney development and disease in children is crucial for effective clinical management.
- Establishing normative data for renal structural parameters (RSPs) in pediatric populations is essential for accurate diagnosis.
- Existing reference values for RSPs may not be universally applicable, necessitating population-specific data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine normal reference values for various renal structural parameters (RSPs) in a large cohort of Chinese children.
- To develop estimation formulas for RSPs based on readily available clinical data (age, height, weight).
- To provide a valuable data resource for the clinical assessment of kidney development and disease in Chinese children.
Main Methods:
- Utilized computed tomography (CT) data from 438 Chinese children aged 0-17 years with normal renal imaging.
- Measured bilateral RSPs including renal length, width, thickness, volume, cortical thickness, and artery diameter.
- Employed statistical analyses including Pearson correlation, Kendall's rank correlation, paired t-tests, and multiple linear regression.
Main Results:
- Renal structural parameters (RSPs) generally increase with age, with height showing the strongest correlation.
- No significant correlation was found between RSPs and sex.
- Established estimation formulas for RSPs, demonstrating significant linear relationships with age, height, and weight.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first large-sample CT-based reference values and estimation formulas for RSPs in Chinese children.
- The developed formulas and reference ranges offer crucial data for evaluating kidney growth and disease in pediatric patients.
- These findings contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making in pediatric nephrology and radiology.
Purpose:
Our aim was to investigate the normal reference value and to establish an estimation formulae for renal structural parameters (RSPs) based on large-sample CT data of Chinese children, which can provide a data reference for the clinical assessment of kidney development and diseases in Chinese children.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 438 children aged 0-17 years with normal renal CT images and basic indices were continuously collected. The bilateral RSP, including renal length (RL), renal width (RW), renal thickness (RT), renal volume (RV), renal cortical thickness (RCT), renal artery diameter (RAD) and renal CT value, were measured. Kendall's rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between RSP and sex. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between RSP and age, height and weight. Differences in the RSP of bilateral kidneys were analyzed via a paired samples t-test. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the multivariate relationships between RSP and basic indices and establish the estimation formula of RSP.
Results:
The RSP of normal kidneys showed a dynamic increasing trend with age, except for the CT values. The reference value ranges (95% confidence interval) of normal RSP for each age group were determined. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong correlations between RSP (RL, RW, RT, RV, RCT and, RAD) and basic indices (age, height and, weight), with height exhibiting the greatest correlation coefficient, followed by age or weight. Kendall's analysis showed that none of the RSPs were correlated with sex. The RL, RW, RV and RAD of the left kidney were larger than those of the right kidney, and the RT and RCT of the right kidney exhibited opposite results. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant linear relationship between the RSP (RL, RW, RT, RV and, RCT) and the variables of the basic indices. The estimation formulae for calculating the RSP were established.
Conclusion:
This is the first Chinese study to report of the trends, normal reference values and estimation formulae of normal RSP based on large-sample CT data. These results can provide data references for assessing adequate kidney growth or disease damage in Chinese children.
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