Safety assessment of ethanolic extract of Canarium strictum Roxb. leaves: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Canarium strictum Roxb. (Burseraceae) is a tree distributed in India, China and Thailand. In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to treat asthma, rheumatism, blood impurities, syphilis, fever, epilepsy and cough. Toxicological information is currently unavailable warrants present research. Ethanol leaf extract obtained by soxhlet extraction was used to investigate its toxicity. The acute toxicity data showed ethanolic leaf extract is safe up to 2000mg/kg dose in female albino mice. There were no behavioral or physiological alterations or gross clinical abnormalities. The ethanolic leaf extract was administered orally to Wistar rats (n=5) of both sexes at a dose of 300, 600 and 1200mg/kg/d for 90 days during the investigation of sub-chronic toxicity. There were no treatment-related deleterious effects on general behavior, body weight, relative organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters in the sub-chronic trial when evaluated daily/weekly. Organ histopathology revealed no significant abnormalities. Additionally, the ethanolic leaf extract improved rats' cholesterol and metabolic profiles. There is no apparent harm with ethanolic leaf extract treatment for 13 weeks, unless the dosage is quite high. Thus, it implies that the leaves are safer to use as a traditional medicine remedy for a variety of conditions in a wide dose range.