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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Weyl Phonons in Chiral Crystals.

Tiantian Zhang¹, Zhiheng Huang^2,3, Zitian Pan^2,3

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

|August 2, 2023

Summary

Chiral crystals entangle Weyl phonons and chiral phonons. Raman scattering reveals their relationship and obstructed phonon surface states in tellurium, advancing condensed matter physics.

Keywords:

Chern number Raman scattering Weyl phonon chiral crystal chiral phonon pseudoangular momentum

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Solid-state physics
Crystallography

Background:

Chirality is a fundamental property observed in nature and science, including quasiparticles and crystal structures.
Weyl phonons (carrying Chern numbers) and chiral phonons (circular motion) have been studied separately, with differing interpretations of chirality.
This independent study has hindered a comprehensive understanding of their interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the entanglement of Weyl phonons and chiral phonons within chiral crystals.
To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the Chern number of Weyl phonons and the pseudoangular momentum of chiral phonons.
To introduce Raman scattering as a novel technique for probing these phenomena.

Main Methods:

Utilizing elementary tellurium (Te), a typical chiral crystal, as a model system.
Employing Raman scattering spectroscopy to detect chirality-induced energy splitting.
Observing and analyzing obstructed phonon surface states.

Main Results:

Established the entanglement between Weyl phonons and chiral phonons in tellurium.
Demonstrated a direct correlation between the Chern number of Weyl phonons and the pseudoangular momentum of chiral phonons.
Successfully utilized Raman scattering to identify Weyl phonons via energy splitting.
Observed obstructed phonon surface states for the first time in this system.

Conclusions:

Weyl phonons and chiral phonons are intrinsically linked in chiral crystals.
Raman scattering is a viable method for detecting Weyl phonons and their associated properties.
The findings offer new insights into the complex nature of chirality in condensed matter systems and open avenues for future research.