Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

249
Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...
249
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

42
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
42
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

8
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
8
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

183
As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules...
183
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

420
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
420
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

35
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
35

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a key biomarker for differentiating acute kidney injury and predicting short-term mortality in liver cirrhosis patients.

Renal failure·2026
Same author

Integrative plasma proteomics and myeloid- interferon profiling reveal an AI-validated vascular- endothelial stress signature distinguishing SLE flare from remission in an Indian cohort a discovery - phase study.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Clinical Profile and Outcome of C3-Dominant Glomerulonephritis: Retrospective Study.

Kidney & blood pressure research·2026
Same author

Prevalence and Predictors of Rapid Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline in Patients with Non-albuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Single-centre Retrospective Cohort Study.

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same author

Remote ischemic preconditioning for prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical kidney journal·2025
Same author

Graft Arteritis Due to <i>Candida</i> Spp. After Kidney Transplant: A Systematic Review of Individual Cases.

Open forum infectious diseases·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

472

Hydroxychloroquine in nephrology: current status and future directions.

Indu Ramachandra Rao1, Ashwija Kolakemar2, Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104. indu.rao@manipal.edu.

Journal of Nephrology
|August 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a versatile drug for kidney diseases, offering anti-inflammatory benefits. While generally safe, monitoring for retinal toxicity is crucial, and blood level monitoring may personalize treatment.

Keywords:
AntimalarialsAntirheumatic agentsGlomerulonephritisIgA nephropathyImmunomodulatorsLupus nephritisSystemic lupus erythematosus

More Related Videos

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
05:34

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2025

712
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

472
5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
05:34

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2025

712
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a long-standing disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug with established immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Its mechanism involves lysosomal activity, antigen presentation, autophagy inhibition, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription.
  • HCQ is a cornerstone therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).
  • To discuss the current and potential future applications of HCQ in various kidney diseases.
  • To outline the main adverse effects and identify research gaps for HCQ in nephrology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing knowledge on hydroxychloroquine's mechanism, clinical utility, and safety.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HCQ in lupus nephritis and other renal conditions.
  • Evaluation of evidence regarding adverse effects, particularly retinal toxicity and cardiomyopathy.

Main Results:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) demonstrates efficacy beyond lupus nephritis, with potential benefits in IgA nephropathy (proteinuria reduction) and ongoing research in membranous nephropathy, Alport's syndrome, vasculitis, anti-GBM disease, and AKI.
  • HCQ is well-tolerated, inexpensive, and widely available, making it an attractive option for expanded therapeutic use.
  • Key adverse effects include irreversible retinal toxicity and rare cardiomyopathy; blood level monitoring is a promising strategy for compliance and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has established efficacy in lupus nephritis and emerging potential in other kidney diseases.
  • Its favorable safety profile, cost-effectiveness, and availability support consideration for expanded indications.
  • Further research is needed to address evidence gaps, optimize dosing, and establish routine monitoring protocols, including blood level assessment, to mitigate risks like retinal toxicity.