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Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

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Published on: March 3, 2023

Exploring Endotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ExpRess): Protocol for a cohort study.

Shyam Ajay Gokani¹, Matthew Jefferson², Jelena Gavrilovic²

¹Rhinology and ENT Research Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.

|August 2, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates biomarkers for Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) to identify patient endotypes. Understanding these endotypes will help predict treatment response in CRS patients, improving clinical pathways.

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Published on: December 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Otorhinolaryngology
Microbiome research

Background:

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 1 in 10 UK adults, significantly impacting quality of life.
Treatment response in CRS may depend on individual endotypes, necessitating research into biomarker clusters.
The MACRO trial is a three-arm study randomizing adult CRS patients to surgery, macrolide therapy, or placebo.

Purpose of the Study:

To correlate Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes with clinical parameters from the MACRO trial.
To analyze olfactory function and treatment response using core biomarker sets.
To identify biomarkers that differentiate between responders and non-responders to CRS treatments.

Main Methods:

Recruitment of adult CRS patients from UK otorhinolaryngology departments participating in the MACRO trial.
Collection of nasal tissue and swabs for analysis of 32 cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13, IgE, periostin) via multiplex electrochemiluminescence.
16S amplicon sequencing of bacterial swabs to analyze the nasal microbiome.

Main Results:

Mean biomarker expression will be reported for treatment responder and non-responder groups.
Correlation of identified biomarkers with MACRO trial outcome data, including endoscopic scores and quality-of-life improvements.
Analysis of specific biomarkers like IL-5, IL-13, IgE, and periostin in relation to treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

Defining clear endotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) will refine patient pathways and optimize clinical resource allocation.
This research may enable future prediction of patient response to medical or surgical therapies.
Biomarker discovery is crucial for personalized treatment strategies in CRS.