Ultrashort All-Hydrocarbon Stapled α-Helix Amphiphile as a Potent and Stable Antimicrobial Compound

The ravaging effect of drug-resistant bacteria has heightened the need for the development of membrane-soluble antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, their potential for clinical use is hindered by issues such as poor biocompatibility, salt sensitivity, and proteolytic lability. In this study, a series of ultrashort stapled cyclization heptapeptides were obtained by inserting all-hydrocarbon staples. StRRL with the highest therapeutic index (TI = 36.3) was selected after evaluating its antibacterial and toxic activity. Furthermore, stRRL demonstrated exceptional performance in high-protease and high-salt environments, making it an effective weapon against bacteria like Escherichia coli in a mouse peritonitis-sepsis model. The membrane lytic mechanism of stRRL, which operates from outside to inside, gives it a low drug-resistant tendency. This suggests that stRRL has the potential to replace antibiotics as a powerful candidate in tackling bacterial infection. In conclusion, the ultrashort all-hydrocarbon stapled antimicrobial amphiphiles inaugurated a novel entrance to the advancements of highly stable peptide compounds.