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Methodological reflections on the MOND/dark matter debate.

Patrick M Duerr1, William J Wolf2

  • 1Martin Buber Society of Fellows for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study evaluates Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) against the standard Dark Matter model using philosophy of science. MOND theories are found to be more ad hoc and less coherent than the standard model.

Keywords:
Ad-hocnessClassical MethodologyCosmologyDark MatterGeneral Relativity

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • The cosmological standard model postulates Dark Matter.
  • Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and its extensions challenge this postulate by modifying gravitational theory.
  • Debates exist regarding the methodological validity of these competing theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine methodological questions in the Dark Matter vs. MOND debate.
  • To assess MONDian theories using frameworks from 20th-century philosophers of science.
  • To analyze the ad hoc nature of MONDian theories.

Main Methods:

  • Application of philosophical frameworks (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Laudan) to MOND.
  • Analysis of MONDian theories through a coherentist model of ad hocness.
  • Comparative assessment of MOND and the Dark Matter postulate regarding ad hocness.

Main Results:

  • Classical philosophical frameworks do not support MOND; appraisals are largely negative.
  • MONDian theories exhibit significant ad hocness, lacking coherence with theoretical and empirical knowledge.
  • MONDian theories are demonstrably more ad hoc than the cosmological standard model's Dark Matter postulate.

Conclusions:

  • MONDian theories face severe methodological and coherence challenges.
  • The ad hoc nature of MOND is a critical weakness compared to the Dark Matter model.
  • The cosmological standard model, despite its own challenges, remains methodologically more robust than MOND.