Non-coding RNAs, cancer treatment and cardiotoxicity: A triad of new hope

Rishabh Mittal1, Sarath Krishnan M P1, Rahul Saxena1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.

Insights

Cardio-oncology addresses cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cancer patients and survivors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key to diagnosing, treating, and preventing CVD during cancer therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardio-oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Global health trends show rising non-communicable diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • Increased life expectancy leads to a higher burden of chronic conditions, including cancer survivors facing cardiovascular complications.
  • Anticancer therapies can cause unintended cardiovascular toxicity, increasing morbidity and mortality.

Approach:

  • This review assesses cardiovascular risk in cancer survivors.
  • It investigates the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CVD among patients undergoing cancer treatment.
  • The review explores ncRNAs' utility in diagnosing, treating, and preventing CVD in cancer survivors.

Key Points:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial in cardio-oncology for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
  • Understanding cancer therapy-related cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and ncRNAs is vital.
  • ncRNAs offer potential for improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing cardiovascular side effects of cancer treatment improves patient outcomes.
  • ncRNAs play a significant role in managing cardiovascular health in cancer patients.
  • This review provides insights into the interplay between cancer and CVD for better patient care.

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.6K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
5.9K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.2K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
7.5K