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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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Nitrogen evolution during membrane-covered aerobic composting: Interconversion between nitrogen forms and migration

Jinpeng Xiong1, Qianting Zhuo1, Ya Su1

  • 1Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|August 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane-covered aerobic composting (MCAC) significantly reduces nitrogen loss during manure composting compared to conventional methods. This innovative approach enhances fertilizer quality and minimizes environmental pollution.

Keywords:
Interconversion pathwaysMembrane-covered aerobic compostingNitrogen balanceNitrogen fractionsNitrogen migration

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Aerobic composting converts manure to organic fertilizer but suffers significant nitrogen loss.
  • High nitrogen losses hinder the development of conventional aerobic composting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nitrogen interconversion and migration during membrane-covered aerobic composting (MCAC) versus conventional aerobic composting.
  • To quantify nitrogen losses and assess environmental pollution under MCAC.

Main Methods:

  • Nitrogen balance measurements were performed to track nitrogen in solid, liquid, and gas phases.
  • Comparison of nitrogen species interconversion between MCAC and uncovered composting.

Main Results:

  • MCAC reduced ammonia (NH3) release by 13.92%-22.91% due to water films.
  • MCAC decreased nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emission by 20.35%-27.01% via micro-positive pressure.
  • MCAC resulted in less leachate, reducing nitrogen and pollutant release.
  • MCAC improved ammonium (NH4+) storage and decreased total nitrogen loss by 33.24%-50.07%.

Conclusions:

  • MCAC is an effective strategy to minimize nitrogen loss during manure composting.
  • MCAC enhances the nitrogen content of the compost and reduces environmental pollution.