Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: What Nurses Should Know

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
• Pediatric Hematology
• Pediatric Oncology

Background:

• Children with new or recurring hematology/oncology diagnoses admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at high risk for oncologic emergencies.
• These patients, though a small percentage of PICU admissions, present with high acuity and complex care needs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical role of nursing in managing critically ill pediatric hematology and oncology patients.
• To emphasize the importance of specific nursing skills in improving patient outcomes within the PICU setting.

Main Methods:

• This is a descriptive review of the challenges and nursing contributions in caring for critically ill pediatric hematology/oncology patients.
• Focuses on the essential skills required for effective patient management.

Main Results:

• Pediatric hematology/oncology patients in the PICU have a high risk of developing severe complications.
• Nurses are integral to the interprofessional team, providing essential care.
• Key nursing skills include recognizing acute decompensation, expert assessment, and effective communication.

Conclusions:

• Nurses play an indispensable role in the care of critically ill children with hematologic or oncologic conditions.
• Enhanced nursing expertise in assessment and communication directly contributes to better patient outcomes in the PICU.