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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Sensory Reinforced Corticostriatal Plasticity.

Nicolas Vautrelle1,2, Véronique Coizet2,3, Mariana Leriche1,2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.

Current Neuropharmacology
|August 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new rat model to study how delayed sensory rewards influence brain plasticity. This model demonstrates that sensory cues can potentiate corticostriatal pathways, crucial for learning and reinforcement.

Keywords:
Corticostriataldopamineplasticityreinforcement.sensorytiming

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Corticostriatal transmission, modulated by dopamine, is key for instrumental reinforcement learning.
  • The timing of plasticity-inducing signals is challenging to reconcile with delayed reinforcement in behavioral learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a model where sensory reinforcers trigger delayed signals to the striatum via intact pathways.
  • To investigate the impact of these delayed signals on corticostriatal plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in an in vivo anesthetized rat model.
  • Utilized a light flash as a natural sensory reinforcer.
  • Employed pharmacological manipulations, including dopamine receptor blockade.

Main Results:

  • A natural sensory reinforcer potentiated striatal neuron spiking evoked by motor cortex stimulation.
  • This potentiation occurred through intact afferent pathways with behaviorally relevant timing.
  • Dopamine receptor blockade diminished the potentiation of corticostriatal neurotransmission.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel in vivo model for studying corticostriatal plasticity.
  • This model provides a behaviorally relevant framework for investigating instrumental reinforcement learning mechanisms.