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Related Experiment Videos

Morphological changes associated with pH changes during storage of platelet concentrates.

C Solberg, S Holme, C Little

    Beitrage Zu Infusionstherapie Und Klinische Ernahrung
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Platelet storage at extreme pH levels (high or low) causes significant injury and loss of viability. Low pH leads to irreversible lysis, while high pH causes fragmentation and microvesicle formation, impacting platelet quality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Blood banking and transfusion medicine
    • Biomaterials science and engineering
    • Cellular biology and pathology

    Background:

    • Platelet concentrates (PC) stored under suboptimal pH conditions exhibit reduced viability.
    • Previous studies suggest pH fluctuations during storage impact platelet integrity.
    • Understanding these pH-related changes is crucial for optimizing PC storage protocols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the morphological and biochemical changes in platelets stored at varying pH levels.
    • To compare the effects of low and high pH on platelet viability and structure.
    • To evaluate the performance of different platelet storage containers in maintaining pH.

    Main Methods:

    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to assess platelet morphology.

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  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into plasma was measured as an indicator of cell lysis.
  • Platelet count, size distribution, and pH were monitored during storage in different container types (PL-146, PL-1240, PL-732).

    • Main Results:

    • Low pH (<6.1) storage resulted in irreversible platelet lysis and "balloon" formation (>90% damaged platelets).
    • High pH (>7.3) storage led to platelet fragmentation, microvesicle formation, and lysed/swollen platelets.
    • Second-generation containers better maintained pH but had an increased risk of pH rise, linked to preparation centrifugation.
    • Morphological changes at high pH were not easily detectable by visual inspection (e.g., absence of swirling).

    Conclusions:

    • Both low and high pH levels during PC storage induce significant platelet injury, affecting viability and function.
    • High pH-induced platelet damage, characterized by fragmentation and microvesicles, is morphologically distinct from low pH-induced lysis.
    • Current detection methods may not adequately identify high pH-related platelet deterioration, necessitating improved monitoring during storage and preparation.