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Tension pneumothorax in small odontocetes
Laura Martino1, José Luís Crespo-Picazo, Daniel García-Parraga
1Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|August 3, 2023
Summary
Tension pneumothorax, a severe condition of air in the chest cavity, was identified in nine dolphins. This study suggests marine mammal adaptations may predispose them to this condition.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Marine Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Pneumothorax involves air accumulation in the pleural cavity, potentially leading to severe tension pneumothorax.
- Tension pneumothorax causes lung and mediastinal vessel compression, with midline deviation.
- Dolphins, as marine mammals, face unique physiological challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report cases of tension pneumothorax in small cetaceans.
- To investigate the potential causes and contributing factors of pneumothorax in dolphins.
- To hypothesize on the prevalence of tensional pneumothorax in dolphins due to their adaptations.
Main Methods:
- Case series of nine dolphins with tension pneumothorax from the western Mediterranean coast and a dolphinarium.
- Computed tomography (CT) imaging on two carcasses to assess internal structures.
- Necropsy to confirm pressurized air in the hemithoraces and identify underlying pathologies.
Main Results:
- Nine cases of tension pneumothorax were identified in three dolphin species.
- CT imaging revealed lung compression, midline deviation, and diaphragmatic displacement.
- Seven cases were spontaneous (primary or secondary to lung pathology), and two were traumatic.
Conclusions:
- Tension pneumothorax is a significant finding in these cetaceans.
- Dolphin anatomical and physiological adaptations to marine life may increase susceptibility to tensional pneumothorax.
- Further research is warranted to understand the specific mechanisms and implications of pneumothorax in dolphins.
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