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Correlation between cocoa shell modifications by CTAB and its dye adsorption properties
Albert Mandjewil1, Patrick Tsopbou Ngueagni1, Jean Mermoz Siewe1
1Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|August 3, 2023
Summary
Modified cocoa shell effectively removes indigo carmine (IC) and bromocresol green (BCG) dyes from water. This sustainable adsorbent shows high capacity and reusability, offering a promising solution for dye wastewater treatment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Water Treatment
Background:
- Industrial wastewater often contains persistent organic dyes like indigo carmine (IC) and bromocresol green (BCG).
- Conventional treatment methods can be inefficient or costly, necessitating the development of novel adsorbent materials.
- Cocoa shell, a waste material, presents an opportunity for developing sustainable adsorbents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To modify cocoa shell with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to create an effective adsorbent (CC-OH-CTAB).
- To evaluate the adsorption performance of CC-OH-CTAB for removing IC and BCG dyes from aqueous solutions.
- To investigate the adsorption mechanism, kinetics, and reusability of the modified cocoa shell adsorbent.
Main Methods:
- Cocoa shell was treated with NaOH and CTAB to enhance its surface properties.
- Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine optimal pH, contact time, and adsorption capacity.
- Adsorption data were analyzed using Liu isotherm and pseudo-first/second-order kinetic models.
- Regeneration and reusability tests were performed to assess adsorbent stability.
Main Results:
- The modified adsorbent CC-OH-CTAB exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 85.1 mg g⁻¹ for IC and 192.7 mg g⁻¹ for BCG.
- Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 2 for IC and pH 4 for BCG, with equilibrium reached in 30 min (IC) and 120 min (BCG).
- The Liu isotherm model and pseudo-first/second-order kinetics best described the adsorption processes for IC and BCG, respectively.
- CC-OH-CTAB demonstrated excellent stability and reusability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles.
Conclusions:
- Modification of cocoa shell with CTAB significantly enhances its adsorption performance for IC and BCG dyes.
- CC-OH-CTAB is a stable, reusable, and highly efficient adsorbent for removing common organic dyes from wastewater.
- This study highlights the potential of utilizing agricultural waste for developing cost-effective and sustainable water treatment solutions.
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