Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

24.5K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.5K
States of Water01:23

States of Water

50.9K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
50.9K
Density and Archimedes' Principle01:05

Density and Archimedes' Principle

6.7K
When a lump of clay is dropped into water, it sinks. But if the same lump of clay is molded into the shape of a boat, it starts to float. Because of its shape, the clay boat displaces more water than the lump and experiences a greater buoyant force, even though its mass is the same. The same holds true for steel ships. The average density of an object majorly determines if the object will float. If an object's average density is less than that of the surrounding fluid, it will float. The...
6.7K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.1K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.1K
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

22.7K
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
22.7K
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

27.0K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
27.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How an ancient continental breakup ultimately helped spawn the vast Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Shifting currents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Satellite maps of sinking coastlines face scrutiny.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Proposed orbital 'airbag' would block solar storms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Ship surveys capture the pulsing beat of mantle plumes.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Deep-Earth map points to a lost U.S. continent.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device
06:31

Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device

Published on: March 18, 2020

6.4K

Ship fuel rules have altered clouds and warmed waters.

Paul Voosen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 3, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Reverse geoengineering, a novel climate intervention, is undergoing its first major ocean-based test. This experiment will assess the feasibility and impacts of manipulating Earth's systems to counteract climate change.

    Area of Science:

    • Climate Science
    • Environmental Engineering
    • Oceanography

    Background:

    • The study details the first-ever deployment of reverse geoengineering techniques.
    • This intervention targets oceanic environments to mitigate climate change effects.

    Discussion:

    • The experiment involves unprecedented manipulation of marine ecosystems.
    • Potential impacts on ocean chemistry and biodiversity are under scrutiny.

    Key Insights:

    • This marks a critical juncture in climate intervention research.
    • The test provides vital data on the efficacy of large-scale geoengineering.

    Outlook:

    • Findings will inform future climate mitigation strategies.
    • Further research is needed to understand long-term consequences.

    More Related Videos

    Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
    09:48

    Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

    Published on: October 21, 2016

    9.4K
    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
    07:24

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    10.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

    Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device
    06:31

    Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device

    Published on: March 18, 2020

    6.4K
    Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
    09:48

    Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

    Published on: October 21, 2016

    9.4K
    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
    07:24

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    10.1K