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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Herpes simplex virus encephalitis. A case with dysplastic plasma cell infiltration

G R Kelley, T Ashizawa, F Gyorkey

    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis can present with unusual plasma cell infiltrates mimicking neoplasm. Electron microscopy is crucial for diagnosing this subacute HSV encephalitis variant.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Virology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a severe neurological condition.
    • Diagnosis often relies on clinical presentation, CSF analysis, and neuroimaging.
    • Histopathological findings can vary, especially in later stages of the illness.

    Observation:

    • A case of HSV encephalitis was diagnosed late (31st day) via brain biopsy.
    • The biopsy revealed dense plasma cell infiltrates with dysplastic features, resembling plasma cell neoplasm.
    • Intranuclear virus particles were identified, confirming HSV infection.

    Findings:

    • Subacute HSV encephalitis can exhibit extensive plasma cell infiltrates.
    • These infiltrates may mimic plasma cell neoplasms histologically.
    • Seroconversion detected by HSV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) correlated with the observed histopathology.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights an unrecognized histopathological variant of HSV encephalitis.
    • Electron microscopy is essential for definitive diagnosis in such cases.
    • Understanding this variant aids in accurate diagnosis and patient management of HSV encephalitis.

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