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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

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Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay.

Luigi Marino1, Adam Kim2, Bin Ni3

  • 1Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|August 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone impacts liver health, influencing fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Thyroid hormone analogs show promise in treating chronic liver diseases like NAFLD/NASH and liver cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone is crucial for liver functions including lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Thyroid hormone signaling is implicated in chronic liver diseases such as alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the thyroid hormone signaling axis in liver biology.
  • To describe alterations in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and its impact on thyroid homeostasis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of thyroid hormone analogs (thyromimetics) in treating liver diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in hepatic physiology and pathology.
  • Examination of the role of thyromimetics in modulating lipid metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone plays a significant role in liver metabolic processes.
  • Dysregulated thyroid hormone signaling is associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases.
  • Thyroid hormone analogs demonstrate potential benefits in lipid management and as anticancer agents for the liver.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone signaling is a key regulator of liver metabolism and disease.
  • Thyromimetics represent a promising therapeutic strategy for managing liver conditions, particularly NAFLD/NASH.
  • Further research into thyroid hormone analogs could lead to novel treatments for liver disease.