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Calcium and Phosphorus: All You Need to Know but Were Afraid to Ask

Katerina Kellar1, Nisha Reddy Pandillapalli1, Alvaro G Moreira1

  • 1Pediatrics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|August 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Inadequate calcium and phosphorus intake can cause metabolic bone disease (MBD) in neonates, especially preterm infants. Early nutritional support and monitoring are crucial for bone health.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Pediatric bone health
  • Mineral metabolism

Background:

  • Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a significant concern in neonates, particularly preterm infants, due to inadequate perinatal calcium and phosphorus intake.
  • MBD is characterized by reduced bone mass, impaired bone mineralization, and elevated fracture risk.
  • Preterm neonates face a heightened susceptibility to developing MBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential roles of calcium and phosphorus in bone physiology.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these minerals regulate bone formation and resorption.
  • To discuss the impact of calcium and phosphorus on overall bone health in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bone.
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies for neonatal MBD.
  • Synthesis of information on monitoring and screening protocols for at-risk neonates.

Main Results:

  • Calcium and phosphorus are critical for maintaining bone mass, mineralization, and structural integrity.
  • Adequate intake, early fortification, and vitamin D supplementation are key to MBD treatment.
  • Close monitoring of nutrient intake, growth, and screening are vital for preterm neonates.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing calcium and phosphorus levels is essential for preventing and managing MBD in neonates.
  • Healthcare providers must implement vigilant monitoring and early nutritional interventions.
  • Understanding mineral regulation in bone physiology informs best practices for neonatal bone care.

Keywords:
CalciumMetabolic bone diseasePhosphorusPrematurityVery low birth weight neonate

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