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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...
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Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

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During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

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During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
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Phenotyping the obesities: reality or utopia?

Piero Portincasa1, Gema Frühbeck2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, 70124, Bari, Italy.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|August 3, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detailed phenotyping is crucial for understanding and managing obesity. Expanding beyond multi-omics to include personal realities is key for personalized obesity care and research.

Keywords:
ClusteringComorbiditiesHeterogeneityObesityPatient stratificationPhenotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Obesity research
  • Clinical phenotyping
  • Personalized medicine

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex condition with diverse determinants.
  • Current phenotyping approaches for obesity are often insufficient.
  • Precision medicine is underutilized in obesity care compared to other diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in obesity phenotyping.
  • To highlight the need for expanded, personalized phenotyping in obesity management.
  • To analyze barriers, opportunities, and conceptual frameworks for obesity phenotyping.

Main Methods:

  • Thematic issue featuring articles by international experts.
  • Comprehensive review of existing knowledge and future directions.
  • Analysis of multi-omics and broader societal factors in obesity.

Main Results:

  • Detailed phenotyping must incorporate diverse personal realities beyond multi-omics.
  • Healthcare providers are hesitant to adopt detailed phenotyping for obesity.
  • Barriers, difficulties, and opportunities in obesity phenotyping are analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Expanded and personalized phenotyping is essential for effective obesity diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
  • Redefining conceptual frameworks is necessary for advancing obesity phenotyping.
  • This collection guides clinicians and researchers in managing obesity.