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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

295
Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
295
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

462
Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
462

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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia
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Detection and Management of Obstructive Azoospermia.

Russell Hayden1, Cigdem Tanrikut1

  • 1Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Urology Practice
|August 4, 2023
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Obstructive azoospermia, a cause of male infertility, can be diagnosed through laboratory, radiographic, and genetic tests. Treatment options include reproductive tract reconstruction or surgical sperm extraction.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Male Infertility

Background:

  • Obstructive azoospermia is a treatable cause of male infertility.
  • Urologists play a key role in evaluating and counseling patients.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies increase the demand for such evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic testing for obstructive azoospermia.
  • To outline surgical treatment options for obstructive azoospermia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of the Medline® database.
  • Keywords included obstructive azoospermia and various surgical procedures.
  • Review of relevant studies on evaluation and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Most studies were small, single-institution cohorts.
  • Sufficient data exist to describe the current standard of practice.
  • Current state of the art in evaluation and treatment was characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiating obstructive from nonobstructive azoospermia is key.
  • Evaluation relies on history, physical exam, and lab studies.
  • Treatment includes reproductive tract reconstruction or sperm extraction.