Radiation protection measures during endourological therapies

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Medical Imaging
• Radiation Safety

Background:

• Endoscopic management of stone disease often involves radiation exposure.
• Minimizing radiation is essential for patient and operating room staff safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on measures to reduce radiation use in endoscopic stone management.
• To present strategies for minimizing exposure for patients and staff.

Main Methods:

• PubMed literature search from January 1970 to August 2022.
• Included studies on ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.
• Focused on intraoperative radiation dose reduction measures.

Main Results:

• Diagnostic and follow-up imaging should follow algorithms and use conservative methods.
• Protocols for minimized fluoroscopy use are recommended.
• Protective lead equipment, operating room configuration, and adjusted X-ray settings reduce radiation.

Conclusions:

• Radiation exposure can be reduced through judicious imaging selection and intraoperative protocols.
• Continuous staff training on radiation dangers and protection is vital.
• Proper use of protective equipment, operating room setup, and machine settings are key.