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History of Small for Gestational Age at Birth With Verbal and Non-verbal Intelligence: A Case-Control Study Among

Hosein Dalili1, Arya Moezi2, Shirin Ansari3

  • 1Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
|August 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) showed higher verbal intelligence but delayed non-verbal development. These findings highlight the need for targeted support for SGA children during early development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Improved survival rates for small for gestational age (SGA) infants necessitate focus on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • SGA is associated with potential long-term cognitive and developmental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of being born small for gestational age (SGA) on verbal and non-verbal intelligence in preschool children.
  • To compare intelligence indices between children born SGA and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 232 preschool children (114 SGA, 118 AGA).
  • Assessment of intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal, attention, development, and executive functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) and Conners tests.
  • Comparison of cognitive scores between SGA and AGA groups.

Main Results:

  • Children born SGA demonstrated significantly higher mean WISC-verbal scores compared to AGA children (P=0.024).
  • Specific verbal domains, Vocabulary (p=0.046) and Similarities (p=0.048), were significantly higher in the SGA group.
  • While not statistically significant, the SGA group showed higher mean scores for Inattention (p=0.495) and ADHD (p=0.211) on the Conners test.

Conclusions:

  • Non-verbal intelligence development appears delayed in children born SGA.
  • Preschool children with a history of SGA may require increased monitoring and support for cognitive development.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the long-term neurodevelopmental trajectory of SGA children.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenIntelligenceSmall for Gestational Age

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