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Association between serum anion gap and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A
Jianhong Lu1, Lei Zhong1, Meng Yuan1
1Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
Insights
Elevated serum anion gap (AG) predicts higher mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. This finding helps identify individuals with poor prognosis early.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Medical Prognostics
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prognosis is influenced by various biomarkers.
- Serum anion gap (AG) has not been extensively studied as a prognostic marker in AMI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum anion gap (AG) and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Main Methods:
- Adult patients diagnosed with AMI and admitted to the ICU were analyzed from the MIMIC-IV database (2008-2019).
- Patients were stratified into high and low AG groups based on a threshold of 15.12 mmol/L.
- Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, multivariate Cox regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were employed.
Main Results:
- Higher 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were observed in the high AG group compared to the low AG group (P < 0.001).
- Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated lower cumulative survival rates in the high AG group.
- RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between AG and 90-day mortality risk, with an HR of approximately 1 at 15.12 mmol/L.
Conclusions:
- Elevated serum AG (≥15.12 mmol/L) serves as an independent predictor of short-term mortality in AMI patients.
- Serum AG can aid clinicians in the early identification of AMI patients at high risk for poor prognosis.
Background:
Although previous studies have reported that many biomarkers can determine the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), serum anion gap (AG) has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the association between serum AG and mortality in patients with AMI.
Methods:
Adult patients first admitted to the ICU and diagnosed with AMI from 2008 to 2019 in the MIMIC-IV database were included. Patients were divided into the survival and non-survival groups based on 30-day and 90-day outcomes. According to the AG value (15.12 mmol/L) with a hazard ratio of 1 in the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, patients were further divided into high and low AG groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted, and all-cause mortality was compared between the high and low groups using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and RCS analysis were constructed to assess the relationship between AG and recent all-cause mortality in patients with AMI.
Results:
4446 patients were enrolled. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates in the high AG group (25.53%, 31.75%) were higher than that in the low AG group (9.73%, 14.01%, P < 0.001) independently. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the 30-day and 90-day cumulative survival rates were lower in the high AG group than that in the low AG group (P < 0.001). RCS analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between AG and the risk of 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with AMI (χ2 = 18.680 P < 0.001). When AG was 15.12 mmol/L, its HR was about 1. Multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that increased AG was associated with higher 30-day and 90-day mortality.
Conclusion:
Elevated serum AG (≥15.12 mmol/L) is an independent predictor for short-term mortality in patients with AMI, and it may provide a basis for clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis as early as possible.
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