Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Gallbladder polyps (GBPs) are frequently detected incidentally during abdominal imaging.
• While most GBPs are benign pseudopolyps, a subset are true neoplastic polyps with malignant potential, posing a risk for gallbladder cancer.
• Gallbladder cancer is a rare but highly fatal disease, often diagnosed late due to subtle symptoms.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes newly published international guidelines for managing gallbladder polyps.
• It emphasizes assessing individual patient risk factors and specific ultrasound features indicative of malignancy.
• A management algorithm diagram is provided to aid clinical decision-making.

Key Points:

• Distinguishing between pseudopolyps and neoplastic polyps is crucial for patient management.
• Ultrasound features, alongside patient risk factors, are key indicators for malignancy risk.
• Adherence to updated international guidelines ensures appropriate surveillance and treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of gallbladder polyps requires a risk-stratified approach.
• Early identification of neoplastic polyps through imaging and risk assessment can improve outcomes for potential gallbladder cancer.
• The provided algorithm offers a practical tool for clinicians managing patients with gallbladder polyps.