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Induced endometrial inflammation compromises conceptus development in dairy cattle†.

Ali Husnain1, Usman Arshad1, Roney Zimpel1

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Biology of Reproduction
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial-induced endometrial inflammation in cows disrupts nutrient availability and alters embryonic gene expression, leading to reduced conceptus growth and potential pregnancy loss. This impacts survival pathways, compromising early bovine development.

Keywords:
conceptus developmentdairy cowhistotroph metabolomeinduced endometritismRNA expression

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Endometrial inflammation in cows is linked to decreased pregnancy rates and increased pregnancy loss.
  • Induced endometritis may alter uterine environment and conceptus development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how induced endometritis affects histotroph composition and conceptus gene expression in cows.
  • To determine if bacterial-induced inflammation compromises conceptus development and survival pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Lactating cows received intrauterine infusions of E. coli and T. pyogenes to induce endometritis, followed by artificial insemination (AI).
  • Experiment 2: Holstein heifers underwent embryo transfer, with some receiving intrauterine infusions to induce endometritis.
  • Histotroph composition and conceptus gene expression were analyzed in both experiments.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial-induced endometritis altered histotroph composition, impacting pathways for energy production and phospholipid synthesis.
  • Endometritis reduced conceptus length and altered gene expression related to nutrient uptake, growth, and pregnancy recognition.
  • While less severe in heifers, endometritis still induced similar gene expression changes related to restricted growth and immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial-induced endometrial inflammation significantly alters the uterine environment and negatively impacts bovine conceptus development.
  • Conceptuses under inflammatory conditions activate survival pathways over anabolic ones, potentially compromising pregnancy outcomes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving fertility in cattle affected by endometritis.