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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
Asexual Reproduction02:38

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.

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Peptidomics Methods Applied to the Study of Flower Development.

Raquel Álvarez-Urdiola1, Eva Borràs2,3, Federico Valverde4

  • 1Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study explores novel peptides in plants using advanced proteomics. It details methods for extracting and identifying these small, uncharacterized polypeptides (SEPs) for better understanding plant development.

Keywords:
Ammonium sulphateArabidopsisC-18DatabaseMass spectrometryPeptidomeReverse-phase chromatographyUltrafiltration

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Plant development requires understanding the proteome, including the poorly characterized peptidome.
  • Novel, functional peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) are increasingly being discovered through ribosome profiling.
  • Identifying these small open reading frame-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) is crucial for a complete view of plant biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline experimental and computational strategies for validating the accumulation of sORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) in plant tissues.
  • To present robust protocols for peptide extraction and identification in plants.
  • To address the challenges associated with detecting small and novel peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Two distinct peptide extraction protocols from plant tissues.
  • Peptide identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Application of both database search and de novo identification methods for novel peptide discovery.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of methods to detect and identify small (up to ~100 amino acids) and novel peptides.
  • Validation of accumulation of sORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) in plant tissues.
  • Successful application of LC-MS/MS for comprehensive peptidome analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced proteomics and computational methods are essential for characterizing the plant peptidome.
  • The presented protocols enable the discovery and validation of novel, functional peptides.
  • This work contributes to a deeper understanding of plant developmental processes through peptidome exploration.