Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical course of critical demyelinating lesion-associated progressive multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology·2026

Same author

Beyond FDG PET in Epilepsy: Radiotracers Targeting Neuroreceptors and Neural Proteins.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026

Same author

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Lyme Arthritis: A Retrospective Study.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026

Same author

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Myelopathy: 2026 Update.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR·2026

Same author

Immunity Gone Viral: Subacute Cognitive Decline With Multifocal Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Clinical Utility of Rapid Whole-Genome Sequencing in Hospitalized Adults With Unexplained Neurologic Presentations.

Neurology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Powassan Virus Encephalitis: A Tertiary Center Experience.

Maria Alejandra Mendoza¹, Reece M Hass², James Vaillant¹

¹Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine News, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|August 4, 2023

Summary

Powassan virus (POWV) causes severe neuroinvasive disease. This study found high rates of death and long-term disability in POWV patients, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis.

Keywords:

Powassan virus arbovirus tick-borne diseases

More Related Videos

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick-borne flavivirus.
POWV infection is associated with severe neuroinvasive disease and poor patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze clinical and epidemiological data of neuroinvasive POWV cases.
To describe the presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of neuroinvasive POWV.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study at Mayo Clinic (2013-2022).
Inclusion of probable and confirmed neuroinvasive POWV cases.
Analysis of clinical and epidemiological data.

Main Results:

Sixteen patients with neuroinvasive POWV were identified.
Common presentations included rhombencephalitis, meningitis, and encephalitis.
High rates of mortality (18.8%) and residual neurologic deficits (72.7%) were observed.

Conclusions:

This is the largest case series of neuroinvasive POWV infection.
High clinical suspicion is crucial for patients in high-risk areas during warmer months.
Neuroinvasive POWV is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.