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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

557
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
557
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.7K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Programming Injectable DNA Hydrogels Yields Tumor Microenvironment-Activatable and Immune-Instructive Depots for

Yu Fan1, Mengsi Zhan2, Junhao Liang1

  • 1Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel injectable DNA hydrogel that delivers chemotherapy and immune stimulants to fight tumors. The smart hydrogel precisely releases drugs to enhance the immune system

Keywords:
DNA hydrogelschemo-immunotherapyimmune checkpoint blockadeimmunogenic cell deathvaccine adjuvants

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Injectable hydrogels are explored for co-delivering chemotherapy and immunomodulators to boost antitumor immunity.
  • Conventional hydrogels face challenges in post-injection modification and biofunction integration, limiting their efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an injectable, stimuli-responsive immunomodulatory hydrogel depot for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
  • To demonstrate a programmable DNA hydrogel system integrating chemotherapy, in situ vaccination, and immune checkpoint blockade.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a super-soft DNA hydrogel system with adenosine triphosphate aptamers for stimuli-responsive drug release.
  • Co-delivered doxorubicin for immunogenic cell death and polymerized cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) for dendritic cell activation.
  • Incorporated anti-programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (aPDL1) to block immune checkpoints and enhance T-cell response.

Main Results:

  • The DNA hydrogel demonstrated stimuli-responsive conformational changes, enabling distinct release kinetics of co-encapsulated therapeutics.
  • Polymerized CpG ODN enhanced tumor immunogenicity while minimizing systemic toxicity (splenomegaly) associated with free CpG.
  • Sequential release of doxorubicin and aPDL1 effectively sensitized antitumor T-cell immunity.

Conclusions:

  • A programmable, super-soft DNA hydrogel system was successfully developed as a proof-of-concept for synergistic cancer therapy.
  • This hydrogel platform integrates chemotherapeutic toxicity, in situ vaccination, and immune checkpoint blockade for potent antitumor effects.